Brussels, August 19, 2024 — The use of synthetic drugs, particularly New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) like 3-MMC and 4-MMC, is on the rise among young people in Belgium, igniting concerns over increased health risks and potential overdoses.
This shift comes as traditional party drugs such as ecstasy and amphetamines are increasingly being replaced by these newer substances, which are perceived as cheaper and more potent alternatives.
The European Drugs Agency (EUDA) recently highlighted the growing prevalence of synthetic drugs in nightlife scenes across Western Europe, with Belgium seeing a notable increase in the use of 3-MMC, commonly known as ‘kitty’ or ‘3M,’ and 4-MMC, also referred to as ‘meow meow.’ Both drugs belong to the cathinones group, which includes other stimulants like ecstasy and amphetamines.
Rising Popularity of Synthetic Drugs
Synthetic cathinones have gained traction in recent years due to their affordability and the prolonged energetic effects they offer. Unlike traditional party drugs, which may provide a shorter high, 3-MMC and 4-MMC are sought after for their extended duration and stimulating properties.
However, their rise in popularity has also been accompanied by an increase in health risks and concerns about their safety.
The EUDA’s report reveals that synthetic drugs such as 3-MMC and 4-MMC are now prevalent in Belgium’s nightlife, with these substances increasingly replacing more established drugs.
The report notes that large quantities of these NPS have been seized across Europe, including Belgium, with trafficking routes originating from India and potentially from increasing local production within Europe itself.
Lack of Comprehensive Data
Despite growing concerns, Belgium lacks comprehensive recent data on the use and impact of these synthetic drugs. The health institute Sciensano conducts an annual survey on designer drugs, but the latest results have not yet been analyzed.
Meanwhile, a survey conducted by the Trimbos Institute in the Netherlands indicates a sharp rise in the use of 3-MMC among partygoers, with one-third of respondents reporting use, up from just 9% in 2020.
The lack of timely data hampers efforts to understand the full scope of the issue and develop effective responses. “There is a significant gap in information regarding the prevalence and effects of these emerging drugs,” warns the EUDA. “We are often slow to detect changes in drug use patterns and the associated health risks.”
Health Risks and Addiction Concerns
The synthetic drugs 3-MMC and 4-MMC pose significant health risks due to their unregulated nature and potential for contamination with other substances.
Users often experience a range of adverse effects including headaches, nausea, agitation, palpitations, and anxiety. After the initial high, users may face a profound sense of emptiness and exhaustion.
One of the most alarming aspects of these synthetic drugs is their potential for addiction. Many users report a strong compulsion to reconsume the drug, which increases the risk of developing mental dependence.
“The addictive potential of 3-MMC is a significant concern,” says De Druglijn, the Flemish Expertise Centre for addiction support. “Users find it difficult to control their consumption, leading to higher risks of addiction compared to other substances.”
The increasing incidents related to 3-MMC are also noteworthy. Reports indicate a sharp rise in cases of intoxication and overdose involving this synthetic drug.
The National Poisoning Information Centre has documented a doubling of 3-MMC intoxications over the past year, a trend that has also been observed by Sciensano. Additionally, 3-MMC is increasingly found in cases of suspected drug-related deaths.
Challenges in Tracking and Responding to Trends
The rapid evolution of synthetic drug trends poses challenges for public health and law enforcement agencies.
According to the EUDA, the tools and systems used to track drug use trends and related problems are often inadequate. This lack of effective monitoring and reporting mechanisms contributes to a slow response to emerging drug-related issues.
Efforts to address the synthetic drug crisis include increasing public awareness, enhancing drug testing and monitoring capabilities, and improving the availability of treatment and support services for those affected by addiction.
However, the pace at which synthetic drugs are introduced and the lack of comprehensive data complicate these efforts.
Conclusion
As synthetic drugs like 3-MMC and 4-MMC continue to rise in popularity among young people in Belgium, the associated health risks and the potential for addiction present serious concerns.
The lack of up-to-date data and effective monitoring tools underscores the need for more robust public health strategies and timely intervention.
With the growing trend of synthetic drug use, it is crucial for authorities, health professionals, and community organizations to work together to address the challenges posed by these emerging substances and mitigate their impact on public health.
For now, the increasing prevalence of synthetic drugs in Belgium’s nightlife scene serves as a stark reminder of the need for vigilance and proactive measures to protect public health in the face of evolving drug trends.
